Charges against the courts themselves emerge by 1911, including exorbitant fees to administer estates of allottees (as much as 10 times what Whites paid for the same services and in some instances nearly what the entire estate was worth), children allowed to die by guardians seeking to obtain their estates (Holford, 1975), and phony wills “signed” by already deceased individuals but fully notarized and accepted as evidence in probate court (U.S. Congress, 1924).